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常用测试方式与代码

Mahe666

具体的操作方式类似于“远古”时期，程序员操作 DOM 元素一样

识别与操作控件元素

Appium Inspector的用法

需要用到 Appium Inspector

相关博客：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/517599445

最有效率的获取元素的方法如图所示

使用代码获取元素

如下示例承接前文：通过逍遥模拟器

  1. 进入软件 设置
  2. 获取元素 网络和互联网 并点击进入
  3. 获取该级目录下所有选项的主要文字并输出出来
import io.appium.java_client.AppiumBy;
import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class AppTest {
    // 创建驱动对象，这里是空的
    protected static AndroidDriver driver = null;
//    private static AppiumDriverLocalService service;

    @Test
    public void run() throws InterruptedException {

        // 通过XPath来获取元素，并点击
        driver.findElement(AppiumBy.xpath("//*[@text='网络和互联网']")).click();
        // 等待3秒，为了让效果看起来更明显
        Thread.sleep(3000);

        // 子层级，这里的id指的是resource-id，并且不是唯一的，这里和web页面不同
        List<WebElement> subElements = driver.findElements(AppiumBy.id("android:id/title"));
        // 遍历每一个元素
        for (WebElement e: subElements){
            // 获取文字
            System.out.println(e.getText());
        }

    }


    @BeforeClass
    public void beforeClass() throws MalformedURLException {

//        DesiredCapabilities 可以理解为是 必需设备信息 类
        DesiredCapabilities device = new DesiredCapabilities();
        device.setCapability("deviceName", "mahe666_test");
        device.setCapability("automationName", "UiAutomator2");
        device.setCapability("platformName", "Android");
        device.setCapability("platformVersion", "9");
        device.setCapability("appPackage", "com.android.settings");
        device.setCapability("appActivity", ".Settings");
        driver = new AndroidDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/"), device);

    }

    @AfterClass
    public void afterClass(){
        if (driver != null) driver.quit();
    }

}

模拟按键操作

相关博客：https://blog.csdn.net/mahoon411/article/details/125411407

这里我想在进入 网络和互联网 之后，等待两秒之后返回上一级

代码如下

import io.appium.java_client.AppiumBy;
import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
import io.appium.java_client.android.nativekey.AndroidKey;
import io.appium.java_client.android.nativekey.KeyEvent;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class KeyCodeTest {

    protected static AndroidDriver driver = null;

    @Test
    public void run() throws InterruptedException {

        driver.findElement(AppiumBy.xpath("//*[@text='网络和互联网']")).click();

        Thread.sleep(2000);
        // 第二步，点击按钮返回
        driver.pressKey(new KeyEvent(AndroidKey.BACK));
        Thread.sleep(2000);
    }

    @BeforeClass
    public void beforeClass() throws MalformedURLException {

        // 第一步，从这里进入设置

        DesiredCapabilities device = new DesiredCapabilities();
        device.setCapability("deviceName", "mahe666_test");
        device.setCapability("automationName", "UiAutomator2");
        device.setCapability("platformName", "Android");
        device.setCapability("platformVersion", "9");
        device.setCapability("appPackage", "com.android.settings");
        device.setCapability("appActivity", ".Settings");
        driver = new AndroidDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/"), device);

    }

    @AfterClass
    public void afterClass(){
        if (driver != null) driver.quit();
    }

}

勾选单选框和操作开关

这里用到的是 逍遥模拟器 自带的 Chrome浏览器

本质上也是调用 click() 方法

import io.appium.java_client.AppiumBy;
import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.testng.annotations.*;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.time.Duration;

public class TestChrome {

    protected static AndroidDriver driver = null;

    @Test
    public void run() throws InterruptedException {

        // 进入设置
        driver.findElement(AppiumBy.accessibilityId("更多选项")).click();
        driver.findElement(AppiumBy.accessibilityId("设置")).click();

        // 进入密码
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@text='密码']")).click();
        // 关闭保存密码
        WebElement toggleSwitch = driver.findElement(By.id("com.android.chrome:id/switch_widget"));
        // 如果已启用，就关闭
        if (toggleSwitch.isEnabled()) toggleSwitch.click();

        // 关闭自动登录
        WebElement checkBox = driver.findElement(By.id("android:id/checkbox"));
        // 如果已启用，就关闭
        if (checkBox.isEnabled()) checkBox.click();

        // 等待3秒，为了让效果看起来更明显
        Thread.sleep(3000);

    }

    @BeforeClass
    public void beforeClass() throws MalformedURLException {

        DesiredCapabilities device = new DesiredCapabilities();
        device.setCapability("deviceName", "mahe666_test");
        device.setCapability("automationName", "UiAutomator2");
        device.setCapability("platformName", "Android");
        device.setCapability("platformVersion", "9");
        device.setCapability("appPackage", "com.android.chrome");
        device.setCapability("appActivity", "com.google.android.apps.chrome.Main");
        driver = new AndroidDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/"), device);

        // 隐式等待十秒
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(5));

        // 初始化软件的初步设置
        driver.findElement(By.id("com.android.chrome:id/terms_accept")).click();
        driver.findElement(By.id("com.android.chrome:id/button_primary")).click();
    }

    @AfterClass
    public void afterClass(){
        if (driver != null) driver.quit();
    }

}

操作通知栏

import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.time.Duration;

public class TestNotifications {
    protected static AndroidDriver driver = null;

    @Test
    public void run() throws InterruptedException {

        // 打开通知栏
        driver.openNotifications();
        Thread.sleep(3000);

        // 返回键触发关闭通知栏
        driver.navigate().back();
        Thread.sleep(3000);

    }

    @BeforeClass
    public void beforeClass() throws MalformedURLException {

        DesiredCapabilities device = new DesiredCapabilities();
        device.setCapability("deviceName", "mahe666_test");
        device.setCapability("automationName", "UiAutomator2");
        device.setCapability("platformName", "Android");
        device.setCapability("platformVersion", "9");
        device.setCapability("appPackage", "com.android.chrome");
        device.setCapability("appActivity", "com.google.android.apps.chrome.Main");
        driver = new AndroidDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/"), device);

        // 隐式等待十秒
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(5));

    }

    @AfterClass
    public void afterClass(){
        if (driver != null) driver.quit();
    }
}

手势滑动

期望效果：下拉通知栏，然后收回通知栏

统一设置，设置 逍遥模拟器 的显示分辨率为 1200*1920

如图所示

这里用到的还是 Chrome浏览器，不过需要做一些准备工作

import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
import io.appium.java_client.android.nativekey.AndroidKey;
import io.appium.java_client.android.nativekey.KeyEvent;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.time.Duration;

public class TestAction {
    protected static AndroidDriver driver = null;

    @Test
    public void run() throws InterruptedException {

        // 准备工作
        WebElement ipt = driver.findElement(By.id("com.android.chrome:id/url_bar"));
        // 需要先点击再回车
        ipt.click();
        ipt.sendKeys("HelloWorld");
        driver.pressKey(new KeyEvent(AndroidKey.ENTER));

        // 上滑操作
        Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
        WebElement firstElement = driver.findElements(By.className("android.view.View")).get(0);
        actions.dragAndDropBy(firstElement, 0, -500).perform();

        Thread.sleep(3000);

    }

    @BeforeClass
    public void beforeClass() throws MalformedURLException {

        DesiredCapabilities device = new DesiredCapabilities();
        device.setCapability("deviceName", "mahe666_test");
        device.setCapability("automationName", "UiAutomator2");
        device.setCapability("platformName", "Android");
        device.setCapability("platformVersion", "9");
        device.setCapability("appPackage", "com.android.chrome");
        device.setCapability("appActivity", "com.google.android.apps.chrome.Main");
        driver = new AndroidDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/"), device);

        // 隐式等待十秒
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(5));

        // 初始化软件的初步设置
        driver.findElement(By.id("com.android.chrome:id/terms_accept")).click();
        driver.findElement(By.id("com.android.chrome:id/button_primary")).click();

    }

    @AfterClass
    public void afterClass() {
        if (driver != null) driver.quit();
    }
}

九宫格手势解锁

没有找到用来测试的app，这里用坐标定位法做一下上面的 手势滑动 示例

import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
import io.appium.java_client.android.nativekey.AndroidKey;
import io.appium.java_client.android.nativekey.KeyEvent;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.time.Duration;

public class TestAction {
    protected static AndroidDriver driver = null;

    @Test
    public void run() throws InterruptedException {

        // 准备工作
        WebElement ipt = driver.findElement(By.id("com.android.chrome:id/url_bar"));
        // 需要先点击再回车
        ipt.click();
        ipt.sendKeys("HelloWorld");
        driver.pressKey(new KeyEvent(AndroidKey.ENTER));

        // 上滑操作
        Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
//        WebElement firstElement = driver.findElements(By.className("android.view.View")).get(0);
//        actions.dragAndDropBy(firstElement, 0, -500).perform();

        actions
                // 移动鼠标到指定坐标
                .moveToLocation(600,960)
                // 需要暂停等待鼠标移动过去
                .pause(Duration.ofSeconds(1))
                // 按住鼠标不松开
                .clickAndHold()
                // 按照偏移量移动
                .moveByOffset(0, -500)
                // 松开鼠标
                .release()
                // 展示
                .perform();

        Thread.sleep(3000);

    }

    @BeforeClass
    public void beforeClass() throws MalformedURLException {

        DesiredCapabilities device = new DesiredCapabilities();
        device.setCapability("deviceName", "mahe666_test");
        device.setCapability("automationName", "UiAutomator2");
        device.setCapability("platformName", "Android");
        device.setCapability("platformVersion", "9");
        device.setCapability("appPackage", "com.android.chrome");
        device.setCapability("appActivity", "com.google.android.apps.chrome.Main");
        driver = new AndroidDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/"), device);

        // 隐式等待十秒
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(5));

        // 初始化软件的初步设置
        driver.findElement(By.id("com.android.chrome:id/terms_accept")).click();
        driver.findElement(By.id("com.android.chrome:id/button_primary")).click();

    }

    @AfterClass
    public void afterClass() {
        if (driver != null) driver.quit();
    }
}

多点操作与复杂操作

多点操作一般是在 IOS系统上用到的比较多

相关文章：https://appiumpro.com/editions/30-ios-specific-touch-action-methods

复杂操作看文章：https://appiumpro.com/editions/29-automating-complex-gestures-with-the-w3c-actions-api

这两个地址来自于源代码；io.appium.java_client.MultiTouchAction

常用API

内部跳转与外部跳转

App的一个页面跳到另一个页面，一个App跳转到另一个App

在 Chrome浏览器 中跳转到 设置，代码如下

import io.appium.java_client.android.Activity;
import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.time.Duration;

public class TestActivity {

    protected static AndroidDriver driver = null;

    @Test
    public void run() throws InterruptedException {

        // 第一个参数是appPackage，第二个参数是appActivity
        Activity activity = new Activity("com.android.settings", ".Settings");

        driver.startActivity(activity);

        // 等待3秒，为了让效果看起来更明显
        Thread.sleep(3000);

    }

    @BeforeClass
    public void beforeClass() throws MalformedURLException {

        DesiredCapabilities device = new DesiredCapabilities();
        device.setCapability("deviceName", "mahe666_test");
        device.setCapability("automationName", "UiAutomator2");
        device.setCapability("platformName", "Android");
        device.setCapability("platformVersion", "9");
        device.setCapability("appPackage", "com.android.chrome");
        device.setCapability("appActivity", "com.google.android.apps.chrome.Main");
        driver = new AndroidDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/"), device);

        // 隐式等待十秒
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(5));

        // 初始化软件的初步设置
        driver.findElement(By.id("com.android.chrome:id/terms_accept")).click();
        driver.findElement(By.id("com.android.chrome:id/button_primary")).click();
    }

    @AfterClass
    public void afterClass(){
        if (driver != null) driver.quit();
    }

}

获取页面dom元素

        // 返回的是整个页面的dom结构，以字符串的形式展示
        String str = driver.getPageSource();

获取当前页面类名

        // 获取
        String str = driver.currentActivity();

对页面进行截图

需要Hutool依赖

        File screenshot = driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
        FileUtil.copyFile(screenshot, new File("/test.png"));

获取当前系统时间

        String deviceTime = driver.getDeviceTime();

获取设备的DPI

        Long displayDensity = driver.getDisplayDensity();

获取设备的横竖屏状态

PORTRAIT 是竖屏，LANDSCAPE 是横屏

        ScreenOrientation orientation = driver.getOrientation();
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